SBCs are also incredibly efficient, giving them an edge where power-saving is concerned.

Ummmm. Wat? Unfortunately, there’s a lot of questionable advice in this article. I don’t think its a very good overview.

I think the most popular SBC today is Rasp. Pi4. The microcontroller board from that company is Rasp. Pi Pico (using the RP2040). Looking at the difference between Rasp. Pi4 vs Rasp. Pi Pico is all you need to know. RP4 is ~6000mW+, depending on circumstances. Rasp. Pi Pico is like 100mW IIRC. RP4 has a Linux computer with Gigabytes of RAM/Storage and GHz of clock speed. The Pico is MHz of clock speed and kBytes of RAM/storage.

IMO, Microcontrollers are for electrical engineers who decide that a computer might be helpful for their project. SBCs / Microprocessors are for people who need a proper computer for their task.

Some projects like Klipper use both SBC and MCU boards together. A Pi is powerful for intense calculations while an arduino is good at timed actions as it all happens in a single thread.